Health Promotion - 975 Words

Health Promotion Health promotion is defined as the provision of information and/or education to individuals, families and communities that encourage family unity, community commitment, and traditional spiritually that makes positive contributions to their health status (Definition of wellness.Com). It is our job as providers to promote health by any means necessary to improve community wellness. The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is to deliver health information to individuals and the community. The goal is to enlighten the community of all available services to prevent illness. Many people, families, and/or the community are not aware of all the benefits/information available to them. Health promotion helps†¦show more content†¦Health promotion consists of three levels, primary, secondary and tertiary. Although all are levels of health promotion they differ depending on the extent of illness. The first level is the primary level. This level involves people who are still healthy. At this level the susceptibility of contacting disease is reduced through nutritional encouragement, hydration, exercise, and immunizations. Primary level is designed to keep the healthy free from disease. The next level is the secondary level, where the healthy are not so healthy and requires a little more aggressive measures. This level includes people from early stages of disease to seriously ill. People at this level may need medication intervention and even minor surgical interventions to return to or maintain a healthy state. This level may require the nurse to provide a more aggressive approach with education and health promotion. The last level is the tertiary. When a person reaches this level they are considered critical. There is a major cause of concern due to the person’s poor health. Whether their illness is chronic or transmissible the concern remains the same. These people may have a lack of education of their disease. The infected person needs to know if their disease is contagious and what are the steps needed to prevent transmission of the disease. If the illness is chronic the person needs education on maintaining a quality of life with this chronic illness. The goalsShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model3693 Words   |  15 PagesBreathe Easy: A Health Promotion Model On Asthma Management In School Age (7-11 Year Old) Children Introduction Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (from WHO, 1946, in Park, 2005) and Health Promotion has been defined as an enterprise involving the development over time, in individuals and communities, of basic and positive states of and conditions for physical, mental and social health (Raeburn and Rootman, 1998Read MoreEssay on Health Promotion Teaching Plan1307 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Health Promotion Teaching Plan Anita Moore Jacksonville University School of Nursing June 17, 2012 Health Promotion Teaching Plan My emphasis in this assignment is to develop, implement, and assess a teaching plan concentrated on good nutrition and daily exercise for school age children. The early years are a critical time for founding good eating habits and attitude about food and exercise. Children who areRead MoreRole of the Nurse in Health Promotion Essay2161 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Health promotion includes providing activities that improve a person’s health. These activities assist patients to â€Å"maintain or enhance their present levels of health. Health promotion activities motivate people to act positively to reach more stable levels of health† (Potter Perry, 2005, p. 97). In order for nurses to assist patients in obtaining healthy lifestyles, they must first assess a patient’s perception of health. The World Health Organization defines health as a â€Å"state ofRead MoreHealth Promotion Model And Theories Of Social Cognitive Theory Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesHealth Promotion Model and Theories Social Cognitive Theory, Health Belief Model, and Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change are the three models I chose to discuss. An electronic database searched was completed. Three articles were chosen to summarize and discuss each of the above models. Social Cognitive Theory The article by Son et al. (2011) studies the effect of social cognitive factors among middle-aged and older adults’ leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation. The socialRead MoreTheories of Health Promotion2264 Words   |  10 Pagesof Health Promotion The following essay is a comparative analysis of two theories of health promotion, one which is a theory of and the other a theory for health promotion. Beattie’s model will be used as theory of and transtheoritical stages of change model as a theory for health promotion. An example from area of work practice will be used to demonstrate the differing aspects emphasised by each Theory. Furthermore the essay will seek to suggest an explanation of current health promotion. ThisRead MoreHealth Promotion3162 Words   |  13 Pageswill demonstrate knowledge of health promotion and its link in addressing health needs. The role of the nurse in delivering health promotion at primary, secondary and tertiary levels will be discussed and how national policy influences that delivery on the chosen topic of smoking. Barriers to health promotion will also be discussed and how these barriers could be overcome. To define health promotion, health should first be defined. There are many definitions of health, one of which is the WesternRead MoreHealth Promotion1025 Words   |  5 PagesLevels of Health Promotion Health promotion is essential in keeping society and individuals healthy. Health promotion empowers communities and individuals for healthy living through education. The primary goal of health promotion is prevention. Nurses are key in health promotion and will be seen in diverse settings as health promotion evolves the nursing profession. There are three levels to health promotion that are utilized to optimize health. Definition of Health Promotion The World OrganizationRead MoreHealth Promotion1008 Words   |  5 PagesLevels of Health Promotion Health promotion is essential in keeping society and individuals healthy. Health promotion empowers communities and individuals for healthy living through education. The primary goal of health promotion is prevention. Nurses are key in health promotion and will be seen in diverse settings as health promotion evolves the nursing profession. There are three levels to health promotion that are utilized to optimize health. Definition of Health Promotion The World OrganizationRead MoreHealth Promotion793 Words   |  4 Pagesnow shifted to health promotion. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health promotion as the â€Å"process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.† Health promotion focuses on changes to a community as well as an individuals health by modifying their behaviors to strive for optimal health, which The American Journal of Health Promotion defines as beingRead MoreHealth Promotion2641 Words   |  11 Pageshead: Health Promotion Health Promotion Sandra Hendrickson Grand Canyon University Professional Dynamics NRS 429V Nichelle Bogan October 11, 2009 Competencies of ASN Versus BSN Introduction: Health Promotion is defined in the in the American Journal of Health Promotion (AJHP) as the art and science that helps people discover their core passions and optimal health. Supporting them in their lifestyle changes that move them toward a state of optimal health. The optimal health being

No Child Left Behind - 1538 Words

We all have heard the key to success is education. However, in the United States, that key to success is far fetched. America as a whole needs many improvements. While America will never be a perfect society as I dream, America needs to take a step forward to improving the country for all. A better education system will be a step toward improving the United States. The education system in America continues to fail our children and falls behind compared to other countries. Children today are tomorrow’s future. They are the next innovators, scientist, doctors, etc. However, the only way children can grow to make the future a better place is if they receive a world class education. It takes a team effort and collaboration of teachers,†¦show more content†¦States and districts will continue to focus on the achievement gap by identifying and intervening in schools that are persistently failing to close those gaps. States and districts have the flexibility to determine appropriate improvements and support options for their school (A Blueprint for Reform: The Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 2010). The blueprint ask states and districts to develop meaningful ways of measuring teacher and principal effectiveness to provide better support to their students and parents. Also, enhance the profession through recognizing and rewarding excellence, and ensure that every classroom has a great teacher and every school has a great principal (A Blueprint for Reform: The Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 2010). However, the Obama administration attempt to â€Å"reform† NCLB failed to address many of the laws fundamental flaws (Schaeffer, 2012). Since the Obama administration has failed to address the fundamental flaws of the law, the school system is still suffering. A recent survey on teachers’ reaction to the NCLB act focuses on three aspects of NCLB that are particularly relevant 1) the testing requirements and the rules 2) the sanctions imposed on schools that fail to meet the requirements and 3) the requirement that all teachers of core academic subjects be highly qualified in their areas of teaching assignment. Overall,Show MoreRelatedNo Child Left Behind958 Words   |  4 Pages Good intentions are no excuse to continue a fail policy. Since the No Child left Behind Act (NCLB) became in effect, teachers have been restricted to teach in a certain way. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002, which was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. President Bush once said; â€Å"education is the gateway to a hopeful future for America’s children. America relies on good teachersRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind1974 Words   |  8 Pagesorder to improve education in America, we have to go to the root of our problem in the school system and find better ways to enforce new rules and regulations that wouldn’t be detrimental to both students, schools, and educators alike. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act is having a negative effect on our education system because it reduces the choices of schools for parents, and the distribution of qualified teachers. It also has a negative impact on the amount that kids are able to learn in schoolRead MoreNo Child Left Behind2277 Words   |  10 PagesIn the case of No Child Left Behind (N CLB), is politics the enemy of problem solving? By examining selected political controversies surrounding NCLB, it will be demonstrated that politics is the enemy. Since NCLB’s enactment, vast amounts of research literature and news stories have been published on its effects, which demonstrates the impact and debate generated by this law. The major goals of this bipartisan legislation were to improve student performance through standardized testing by usingRead More No Child Left Behind1472 Words   |  6 Pagesgone into many wars. Not just physical wars that I am considered about but also wars on education. The nation could destroy its own glory and way of the source of great future that it rely on by initiating a war on the minds of the children. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is a federal education policy that was developed in 2001. (Lagana-Riordan and Aguilar 135). NCLB is a program designed to minimize the differences in the level of education that white or rich people get to poor African-American, HispanicRead MoreNo Child Left Behind555 Words   |  2 Pagesschools and their mission to build the mind and character of every child, from every background in every part of America.† Pr. George W. Bush. The No Child Left Behind Act has plenty of advantages such as: helping students with disabilities, guiding teachers and parents so that they can help the child, and push the child to succeed. Students with language disabilities will be at a disadvantage in reading. The No Child Left Behind has provides students with tutors and extra help with homework. PresidentRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1621 Words   |  7 Pages The support for the No Child Left Behind Act plummeted down shortly after the act passed. Many people supported the act at first simply because they supported the goals of the act, once they saw the results, their opinions changed. One of the biggest arguments towards No Child Left Behind is that it is unfair. People believed the resources of difference schools were unequal, and thought the Title 1 funding that the schools received should go to ensuring all schools had equal resources. Many peopleRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1670 Words   |  7 PagesKentucky-SW 630 Abstract This literature review seeks to explore the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), a bipartisan reauthorization and revision to the No Child Left Behind Act (2002). The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is the first law passed in fourteen years to address Reneeded changes to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Considered progressive and innovative at the time of its passage, NCLB was the most dramatic and aggressive legislation enacted in decades and afforded theRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Essays1062 Words   |  5 Pages LITERATURE REVIEW Rushton talks about the funding for the No Child Left Behind is being held back if the students don’t do well on the standardized tests. So if the students don’t do well on the testing the teachers are being affected in the way of how much they are getting paid, also affects the school districts funding. This is encouraging the teachers not to teach the way they should, but they are teaching in the way of let’s just make the students do well on the standardized tests. In thisRead MoreEssay On No Child Left Behind1333 Words   |  6 PagesHook: â€Å"I used to love teaching,† said Steve Eklund, a retired California teacher. â€Å"Four words drove me into retirement—No Child Left Behind. I could no longer tend to the needs and wants of my students. All I was supposed to do was to get them ready to take tests.† Intro (with thesis): The surviving NCLB mindset of standardized tests being an accurate measure of a students achievement is a problem because it affects our student’s education and increases performance pressure on teachers. WhatRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1418 Words   |  6 Pagessystematic oppression. The flowing water of oppression floods poor schools; drowning students with dreams, and giving no mercy. The only ones safe from the water are the privileged, who are oblivious to the fact that it exists. George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act, which passed in 2002, mandated annual standardized testing in math and reading. If schools received insufficient scores, they were punished or shut down. This fueled the construed concept that a school is only doing well if the students

Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs Model - 823 Words

The last key concept is motivation, it can be an individual phenomenon – every person is unique every theory allows for uniqueness. The theories within motivation try to predict behaviour – the internal and external forces which influence a person’s choice of action (Mullins, 2005). Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs model in 1954. Using Maslows model we can identify the Leeds site is currently in the social needs stage due to the demotivated workforce and reduced performance. The workforce has no sense of belonging to the organisation due to the lack of knowledge of their roles and this is causing a low rate of friendships amongst each other. Therefore, the workforce cannot develop in the hierarchy until these needs are†¦show more content†¦Poor communication also restricts meeting the organisations objectives, which can be reflected on the motivator factors on the Leeds site. Again the workforces are not feeling any sense of responsibility, as they’re not being rewarded for their work, this is leading to a reduced performance. Consequently it is vital that the new manager creates a rewards system which he/she can praise his staff on a regular basis as this is likely to improve the workforce’s passion for the organisation thu s increase productivity levels. Finally, According to lock’s goal theory people’s goals or intensions can play a part in determining their overall behaviour, this can be achieved by setting the workforce regular goals from frequent meetings. This process would be very beneficial for the Leeds site because once the staff have been set specific goals to do within their roles, they are more likely to perform better. This will have a very positive impact on the organisation by improving overall performance of staff and also increase customer satisfaction, which will ultimately lead to more profits for the site. It is essential that the new manager has these three key skills. Once the right person is chosen the Premier leisure and fitness site in Leeds can look forward to a fresh and prosperous future. But this can only be achieved if the new manager uses some models portrayed in this memo. If these models are effective then the staff will become much more clear on their roles and be more

Analysis Of Feminism In Things Fall Apart - 1070 Words

The analysis of feminist theory in Things Fall Apart presents reason for the sexism that is continuously portrayed. Sexism and problematic gender roles within the novel are repeatedly depicted throughout a number of scenes and characters. With this, we are able to see how sexism exists in various cultures and how the implementation of sexism is detrimental to society. Although, as feminist theory states, rebelling and challenging the patriarchal system is necessary to halt gender roles and sexual restriction (Leitch 24). Ekwefi represents this break from gender roles and stands out as the only female figure that acts boldly in a time of stress. However, exclusively analyzing feminist theory for this text undermines just as vital theories†¦show more content†¦When Okonkwo discovers that Nwoye has found a new faith in Christianity, he claims that Nwoye is a woman and not a man nor his own son and addresses that Nwoye is effeminate and degenerate (Achebe 153). These gender role s for men are problematic because it implies that the men in Okonkwo’s life cannot stray away from highly masculine tendencies or else he will be ostracized or beaten. Feminist theory is applicable to this certain situation because Okonkwo perpetuates the male gender role for his son when Nwoye wishes to break from the roles. Okonkwo illustrates the use of gender roles and lack of feminism in his daughter, Ezinma and his regret of her being a girl (Achebe 137). Okonkwo’s desire for his daughter to be a man is problematic and represents the patriarch’s refusal to view women as equal to men. Throughout Ezinma’s life time, Okonkwo expresses his desires for Ezinma to be born a boy ( Achebe 137). He explictly states to himself that he, â€Å"wishes she were a boy,† because she â€Å"understands him perfectly† (Achebe 136). Okonkwo expands on this desire as he continue to express how Ezinma is his favorite among the daughters and that she understa nds the ways of his consciousness and his moods (Achebe 137) . Although these expressions are subtle, Okonkwo’s regret of Ezinma’s gender plays a role in the patriarchal induced gender roles that women are socially lesser than men. Society’s standardsShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Monique Wittig1419 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Analysis of ‘One Is Not Born a Woman’ by Monique Wittig In her essay, One is Not Born a Woman, Monique Wittig explains, â€Å"‘Women’ is not each one of us, but the political and ideological formation which negates ‘women’ (the product of a relation of exploitation). ‘Women’ is there to confuse us, to hide the reality ‘women’ . . . For what makes a woman is a specific social relation to a man, a relation that we call servitude.† Monique Wittig attacks the concept of naturalizing biology andRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath: The Role of Ma Joad1252 Words   |  6 Pagesare divided from the weak and the followers divide from the leaders. In the novel, The Grapes of Wrath, author John Steinbeck presents the character Ma Joad who serves an important role as the rock that keeps the family together. The Joad family, apart from many families in Oklahoma, is forced to leave their homes in search of work and better opportunities; California not only leaves them in poverty but despair. But thr ough it all Ma Joad is the leader of the family that exhibits selflessness inRead MoreMarge Piercy Barbie Doll Analysis1860 Words   |  8 Pagesto an unrealistic bar, that make girls around the world feel insecure and unworthy of being beautiful. Society has cemented views of women and what they â€Å"should† look and act like based on things like makeup, body figure, clothing, etc. Women from all places are urged to alter their appearances in order to fall into the category of beautiful. The impulse for women to â€Å"paint their face† is due to the fear of other people not seeing them as attractive (Warren par. 7). The perfect female is thought toRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 Pages More than those of any other African writer, Chinua Achebe’s writings have helped to develop what is known as African literature today. And the single book which has helped him to launch his revolution is the classic, Things Fall Apart.   The focus of this essay includes: 1) Achebes portraiture of women in his fictional universe, the existing sociocultural situation of the period he is depicting, and the factors in it that condition male attitudes towards women; 2) the consequences of the absenceRead MoreThe Combahee River Collective3937 Words   |  16 Pagesa US radical feminist lesbian group, wrote this very famous manifesto that became essential for the Black Feminism Mouvement. They made as central the total recognition of the different forms of oppressions, sexual, racial, social, that black women endure and the necessity to fight against them. Therefore, the integration of notions of gender, sexuality, race, class in any feminist analysis that deals with power and do mination become unavoidable. They express clearly the logical result of their struggleRead MoreWicca and Ecofeminism3245 Words   |  13 PagesChristian beliefs begin with the biblical story in Genesis of the Garden of Eden. God, the highest power in male form, watches over Adam and Eve in the Garden. Eve, the woman figure, is seen as subordinate to Adam and she later becomes the cause for the fall from the Garden (Merchant, 2003). This biblical story creates a patriarchal heritage and further puts women at the devastation of humanity (Mellor, 2003). Other biblical stories in Genesis 1 of Christian writing also view nature as destructive andRead More The Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay1999 Words   |  8 PagesThe Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart    The only women respected in Umuofia are those like Chielo, the priestess of the Oracle of the Hills and Caves, who is removed from the pale of normalcy. Clothed in the mystic mantle of the divinity she serves, Chielo transforms from the ordinary; she can reprimand Okonkwo and even scream curses at him: Beware of exchanging words with Agbala [the name of the Oracle of the Hills and Caves]. Does a man speak when a God speaks? BewareRead MoreThe Edible Woman By Margaret Atwood1732 Words   |  7 Pagessurvival. By the end of the novel, she manages to create the new persona in Marian, who manages to reconstruct her new concept of self with the use of a renewed relationship with food. Having been published at the time when there was a revolution in feminism, this essay tries to describe the themes that develop throughout Atwood’s novel. The issue of identity crisis Atwood’s novel is one that is very rich in its description and language use. Through it, different themes have come up to give it meaningRead More Feminism in M. Butterfly Essay2722 Words   |  11 PagesFeminism in M. Butterfly In the 1989 drama M. Butterfly, the masterwork of contemporary American playwright David Henry Hwang, the topic of sexual politics underlies all other themes, and creates a tension between the genders that pervades throughout the text; moreover, Hwang subverts traditional thematic aspects of sexual politics by questioning the most fundamental unit of sex by considering the very nature of gender and what defines a male or a female. These elements unite and develop aRead MoreMens Rea The Writing Style and Feminism of Lakambini Sitoy7010 Words   |  29 Pages MENS REA: THE WRITING STYLE AND FEMINISM OF LAKAMBINI SITOY A Thesis Design presented to Dr. Lito Diones, Ed. D. Of the Graduate School of Literature, Communication, and Other Languages School of Arts and Sciences Cebu Normal University In Partial Fulfillment of Lit 4007 Masterpieces of Filipino Writers Farina Dianne C. Abella October 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

Tourism Management Free Essays

string(94) " the secondary method of research; the implemented strategic objectives can be pointed out 1\." ————————————————- Managing Adventure Sports Tourism Environments COURSE MODULE: TRM341 BA. HONS STRATAGIC TOURISM MANAGEMENT Word Counts ————————————————- Managing Adventure Sports Tourism Environments COURSE MODULE: TRM341 BA. HONS STRATAGIC TOURISM MANAGEMENT Word Counts Acknowledgement I would like to thank my lecturer Mr Li Yee for his guidance in this report. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contents Acknowledgement1 Introduction3 Destination4 Implemented Strategies7 Effectiveness of Implemented Strategy10 Recommendations11 Conclusion18 References20 Introduction â€Å"Sports tourism can be defined as travels away from one’s primary residence to participate in sports activity for recreation or competition, travel to observe sport and grassroots or elite level. And travel to visit a sport attraction such as sports hall of fame or Water Park†. Gibson, Attle, Yiannakis, 1997) On the other hand adventure tourism can be simply defined as Recreational travel including variety of rugged activities for adventure. Adventures and sports tourism can benefit economies by providing a fast source of income for local government and community, supporting the sustaining improvement and protection for environment and encouraging culture exchange between the developed countries and the developing world. If the undeveloped tourism destination do not focus on their tourism, it will be really hard for them to improve their poor situation of economic, environment and culture. Adventure and sports tourists can be attract for a certain destination by looking at the facilities and environment of that place such as; hotels services, price of goods in the area, transport services, travel agencies, guides, airlines, social and cultural aspects of life and most important sustainable natural resources. Ralf Buckley, 2006) A tourism sports destination can be attractive for many reasons; different types sports activities in big city or some time big sports events in small cities, beautiful islands or beach, recreation activities, sports activities for family fun etc. most of all a unique atmosphere of sport and adventure. Destination In perspective of West Cambria sports and adventures tourism it provides to tourists; Attractions which related to sports such as sports theme park, hiking, bungee j umping etc. West Cambria tourism site has highest mountain such as scafell, including stunning coastline and wastwater, also resorts can be include with sports tourism activities. According to Cumbria tourism statistics, each year 35 million day trippers and 5 million overnight visitors spend their night; Cumbria is a place where tourists get a chance to attend all the sports events. As a developed and well established destination; the Ecological environment of sports and adventures tourism is not only about green tourism but also deeply related with socio culture with Cambria tourism. Naturally sustainable environment of sports and adventures tourism in west Cambria also socio-culturally respectful and have a huge effect on both the natural environment and the human population including man made tourism destination. Sustainable environment of west Cambria tourism often involves locals of remote areas experience and interacting with foreigners. Multi-Sport Activities: it is physical outdoor activities. Rafting, mountain biking, climbing, surfing, diving, etc. all offered in the same package. West Cambria tourism provides these sports facilities. Sports included in west Cambria: Angling, Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Baseball Softball, Basketball, Boccia, Bowls, Canoeing, Cricket, Cycling, Dance, Disability Sports, Fencing, Football, Golf, Gymnastics, Handball, Hockey, Judo, Netball, Orienteering, Outdoor Activities, rounder, Rowing, Rugby, Running, Sailing Windsurfing, Scuba Snorkelling, Snow sports, Squash Racket ball, Swimming, Table Tennis, Tennis, Triathlon, Volleyball, Walking Water, Polo, Weight Lifting and Wheelchair Basketball. The relationship between sustainable tourism and others As a sports destination Sports destination West Cumbria tourism has all the potentiality to be sustainable. According to West Cumbria adventure and sports tourism, relationship between ecological and socio cultural can be compare through their essential facts for each other; Ecological factors relate to socio cultural environment 1. Air quality of the area, 2. Transportation, Parking facilities 3. Pollution discharge process, 4. Water quality for sports activities, 5. Waste management facilities; 6. Land and Coastal resources etc. Socio-cultural fact relates to Ecological environment . Balanced population of the area, 2. Health care facilities for local and tourists. 3. Population employment patterns, job market freedom and locals attitudes to work, 4. Social attitudes and Lifestyle and cross cultural understanding. 5. Roman Heritage 6. Locals cultural activities interests on tourism 7. Financial services, investment 8. Resorts, hotel and camping services 9. Entertainment facility a nd tourist Information service provider. Adventure and sports tourism has brought people into contact with each other in west Cambria. As ecological tourism has an educational element it can foster understanding between people and cultures and provide socio-cultural exchange between hosts and tourists. This increases the chances for people to develop mutual sympathy and understanding and to reduce prejudices. A Socio cultural and ecological relationship has added more vitality of west Cambria communities in many ways. Such as; sports events and adventures activities of the local residents where they have been the primary participants and spectators. Often these are refreshed and developed in response to tourist interests. Implemented Strategies The West Cambria tourism is an award winning destination for tourism in 2011; it is also one of the most spectacular beaches in UK and an area that has been popular for many years. To develop Adventure and sports tourism Allerdale Borough Council and Carlisle Leisure limited on 1 April 2004 developed a sustainable tourism strategy. The aim was to balance the need to manage and stimulate sports tourism to the area with the need to avoid damaging the very natural assets on which the tourism industry depended. Interest in the idea of sustainable tourism is greatest in those countries where there is a high level of interest in sustainable development in general. † (John Swarbrooke, 1999) To ensure the strategy was tailored to the needs of the area, authorities engaged in a considerable amount of consultation prior to writing the document. This involved meetings with key stakeholders, National benchmarking survey of tourism authority; the result of this consul tation was that many valuable ideas generated via the process made it into the strategy and action plan. Following the secondary method of research; the implemented strategic objectives can be pointed out 1. You read "Tourism Management" in category "Essay examples" More visitors from outside the region 2. More overnight visitors 3. More business and high-value leisure visitors 4. More private sector tourism investment. Enhancing the West Cumbria tourism for residents and visitors to create: 1. World-class cultural/sport/leisure facilities 2. High standards of quality 3. Avenues for learning, business support and careers 4. Jobs and economic benefit through sports and adventure tourism 5. Sustainable development (environmentally, socially, economically) 6. Local and regional pride. Some of the tourism vision can be explained as follows; Performance of tourism businesses 1. To encourage businesses to invest in the range and quality of their facilities where required 2. To encourage the entire sector to value customer service and to invest in staff skills. Marketing promotions/Events and festivals The strategy focuses on sports events and festivals, in particular those that have the potential to attract new visitors to the region, generate short breaks and which also positively add to the image and profile of the West Cumbria region. Where possible these major events and festivals should reinforce other market growth opportunities. The strategy also recognises that locally distinct events can enhance sense of place, sense of community and add value to the visitor experience. They create new opportunities for visitor spends particularly for shopping and for eating and drinking. Collectively they can strengthen the regional events and festivals profile. Hospitality Services The restaurant, hotels, bar etc. rowth opportunity as being about the quality of the eating experience; the presentation of the food, the ambience of the eating out experience including genuine customer service. It may also be about local produce and the provenance of food. Destination management Implemented strategy can be explained as; 1. Working with local businesses to drive up quality, encourage use of local produce and enhance the customer service 2. To invest in the presentation and marketing of farmers markets and food and drink events 3 . To use food and drink as one ocus for destination marketing where it presents a strong and quality experience 4. To encourage all aspects of the food and drink sector that deal with consumers to value customer service and the skills of their staff and invest in them. West Cambria tourism implemented strategy can be summarised as; 1. provide all sports and adventures visitors a high quality, enjoyable and fulfilling experience 2. To ensure that tourism meets its potential as a driver of the local economy, bringing prosperity and jobs throughout the area 3. To ensure local communities are not adversely affected by tourism 4. To develop the appreciation of west Cambria distinctiveness as somewhere to live, work and visit 5. To encourage tourism enterprises, their suppliers and customers to reduce the impact of tourism on the environment. Implemented strategy can be summarised as; The objective is to retain the economic and social advantages of tourism development while reducing or mitigating any undesirable impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment. Allerdale tourism council play an important role in ensuring the continued appeal of tourism in the tourist area. Effectiveness of Implemented Strategy Bruce J. Dierenfield (2003:p,212) Found that although there are numerous negative influence of hosting sport tourism because of the expected benefit for the community and local business often cause potential host community to ignore any negative impact that may occur. These include: putting the country in global world, showing the destination, promoting political system, creating new business, attracting investment, creating job and urban renewal including housing, and infrastructure will contribute to the development of the country, and benefit citizens over a long period of time. Positive sides: sports adventure tourism development plan for west Cambria, mainly focused local benefits; Current strategy can helps raise funds for environmental protection, research and education through a variety of mechanisms, sports events entrance fees, hotel, airline and airport taxes and voluntary contributions. The local community also can be benefited. The jobs created by tourism can act as a very important motivation to reduce emigration. Local people can also increase their influence on tourism development, as well as improve their job, earnings prospects, through tourism-related professional training, development of business and organisational skills. Sports tourism can bring people into contact with each other and, as tourism has an educational element, it can foster understanding between peoples and cultures and provide cultural exchange between hosts and guests. Because of this, the chances increase for people to develop mutual sympathy and understanding and to reduce their prejudices. Negative Sides: Sports tourism development can creates additional demand for land and competition from the growing potential buyers. The demand for more hotels and tourist facilities brings sources of income to builders, real estate agent and landowners but the local residents are forced to pay more for their homes and larger tax duties increase in land values. In addition, increasing demands for basic services and goods from tourists will often cause price hikes that negatively affect local residents whose income does not increase proportionately. On the other hand, the development of tourism may cause inflation in prices of goods. The issue with seasonal workers is another negative aspect. They face job insecurity, due to the completion of projects. Thus, there will be lack of guarantee of employment from one season to another. Recommendations Developed transportation: Sport-tourism is a powerful force for development that encourage investment in infrastructure projects such as airport , roads that can be enjoyed by local people as well as tourist who came to use them. Joy Standeven, Paul de Knop, 1999, p 66) Travel service providers in the tourist destination area, such as airlines, railways, and bus service need to be sufficient and well developed to avoid all sort of hassle might impact for tourist or destination. To achieve greater competitive advantage; transport companies should have a sophisticated planning; the transportation sector is always a large and growing market in UK tourism. Security and personal safety: Secu rity is a major issue for any tourism destination, for a large destination security sometime maybe it’s not enough to only depending on local police or community service. Private security services can be included, with modern camera technology, professionals to maintain successful tourism destination. The best course of action is to blend human security with technology. Managing adventure and sports safety remains an important topic to tourism industry. Perceived or real threats to sports person safety have immediate impacts on a destination’s reputation and can dramatically affect visitation. If visitor health and safety is not well managed, adverse incidents can significantly impact on the profitability and sustainability of an individual business, community or destination. So it’s should be a compulsory objective for tourism organiser to have sufficient safety services. Developed infrastructure: Tourist development indicates that infrastructure accordingly developed. The provision of infrastructure- the construction of roads, and the system of electricity supply, water supply and sewages disposal, hospital, churches, schools and shop become necessary when an area is developed for the tourism. Indeed, in regions away from the main cities, a kind of micro-urbanization has to take place to attract tourists who assemble in such places to escape environmental monotony of their workday in cities. The tourists are prepared to live in the clusters of cottages but at the same time they demand most of the modern comforts to which they are accustomed with the possibility of a shopping centre, amusements and services to be made available at hand. Capacity of accommodating sports tourists: Carrying capacity for tourism is similar in some ways to ecological carrying capacity and different in others. Ultimately, physical resources limit both population and tourist levels. A dearth of land, shortage of food, or decline in water quality and availability will quickly put the brakes on both types of growth. But for tourism, cultural resources are also a concern. A well-developed tourism destination should provide an efficient accommodated service for their tourists. Technology applied to the provision of sports and adventure activities: The technological environment plays a huge role and influence on the Sport-tourism through globalization due to the innovation of technological thought. For example the implication of restaurants and hotels has been joined by the technological strategy which connects the world through electronic business to exchange goods and services. Furthermore the internet has revolutionised the way executive and business partners operate and cash rings are replaced by credit and debit card payment system. This technological change will allow the use of electronic transfer fund to be more accurate on the information exchange and the target market (Weed et al, 2004: p, 33) Sport tourism may benefit from technological innovation such as currency exchange rate, details about accommodation, climate, culture, language, entertainment places, and requirement entry for visa. The technology infrastructure has opened a new way for Sport tourism to reach the outside world and enter to the competitive edge in the market share. (Devine et al, 2009: p, 17). As the technology evolves and develops within the Sport tourism, stakeholders will find themselves with clear opportunities and one challenge emerging from this will be to streamline and simplify the transaction and consumption of products. This will require looking at global shift in consumer attitudes, tracking new motivations or opportunity in order to communicate and convince consumers (Knowles et al, 2004: p, 32). Technological developments are increasing rapidly. New recreation products, such as all-terrain vehicles and wind surfers, provide new ways for people to satisfy their recreational preferences. New production Technologies and materials offer recreation and tourism businesses ways to reduce costs and improve the quality of their products/services. Advances in telecommunications have and will continue to create new promotional opportunities. Technological innovations, in relation to jobs and the home, have resulted in increased leisure time for many people. Nowadays sports have become a part of our life. Sports have become one of the best interests of the people. Indoor sports activities for tourism is very popular fast growing. Sports are mainly related with the physical element of the body such like running, throwing, jumping, sliding, hitting, shooting, catching etc. , and at present time all those sports are depending on technological supports, as technology helps to give a fair result in any sports competition as well as sports person safety. Technology applied in modern gym helps to improve physical stamina through different level of exercise. For example, Technology applied Sport tourism includes rafting, Para gliding, bungee jump with crane, sky diving, and many more. Provision of diversified activities Diversified activities for tourism destination can create opportunity for more profits in local business. A tourism destination diversification can be point out as; Tourist Accommodation: Bed and breakfast hotel, resorts, camping facilities or caravan sites. Tourist recreation: Trekking holidays, heritage attractions, sports events and festivals, mountain biking/walking routes, clay pigeon shooting, archery, quad biking . Strategies can be including for Successful development: 1. Seasonal sports tourism offer 2. Marketing on Sports and adventures tourism activities 3. Ensuring each year sports tourism events got different attractions 4. Identifying major activities what can bring more tourists 5. Infrastructure investment targeting diversified activities More activities can be added as west Cambria has a suitable for sports and adventures tourism; 1. Horseback riding 2. Hang gliding, 3. Ballooning, 4. Parachuting Professionalism of service staff The professionalism in sports and adventures tourism is very vital. Becoming sports trainer or guide for tourism activities increased responsibility for the profession; Most of the time a destination future depends on their professional services. Professionalism can create demand for sports tourism, as a well-trained sports guide or trainer does mistake in rare occasion and that attracts sports tourists. Political stability Political stability can create significant impact on any tourism industry; an unstable political condition can spoil major sports events, same time it can ruin the economic development of Destination. A stable optical situation can creates; good economy, jobs, use of resources and growth of development. The government significantly by their activities may seriously influence the economic and non-economic opportunities essential in the creation of the conditions that conduct to the development of a business. Whether the Sport tourism development is encouraged or blocked, depends very much on the government policy and political view. (Tom Hinch, James Higham, 2011 p 206) Economic status of the destination Foreign Exchange Earnings: The spending of traveller brings income to the hosting country and possibly will stimulate a significant investment to finance growth in other economic sectors. An important indicator of sports tourism development is it’s generate foreign exchange earnings The economic impact of tourism is massive. Tourism is generally regarded as labour-intensive. It generates direct full time employment in such formal sectors as hotels, restaurants, transport services, travel agencies, guides and foreign airlines, etc. Costs: In business, cost is usually a monetary valuation of (1) effort, (2) material, (3) resources, (4) time and utilities consumed, (5) risks incurred, and (6) opportunity forgone in production and delivery of a good or service. All expenses are costs, but not all costs (such as those incurred in acquisition of an income-generating asset) are expenses. A large number of deal and money will be costing the host destination of the event and local taxpayers for Sport tourism development. Developers will need the government to improve infrastructure which includes the airport, roads and others which are costly activities for the government. ports and adventures tourism development costs can be divided in two parts, if the negative aspects of costs can be save than there will be benefit, on the other hand positive has always profitable for stake holders. Positive Costs | Negative Costs| 1. Tourist spending money returned to local economy as it is spent over and over again. | 1. Over tour ism can effects social community; such as tourism can increase drug related activities. | 2. Diversify and stabilize the local economy. | 2. Illegal prostitution can be harmful for sports destination. As tourists has a weak side for sexual activities. | 3. Governments get a chance to add up extra tax through tourism. | 3. Overcrowding and congestion. | 4. Fosters conservation and preservation of natural, cultural and historical resources. | 4. Crime activities can be increased. | 5. Encourages the preservation and celebration of local sport events or festivals. | 5. Natural resources and historical sites can be damaged for overcrowding. | 6. Local charity can raise fund through regular tourism. | 6. Over development can be cost local government. | 7. Tourism money can be spending to create more technological development in activity area. | 7. Developers from outside the destination can take the profit away. | From an economic point of view of the above table showcasing the region and its natural beauty should enhance its reputation as an attractive tourist destination. Good organisation and infrastructure could be highlighted to further promote investment in sports destination. More convenient and modern venues are likely to attract higher number of spectators and perhaps host upcoming mega-events which will generate higher income to the destination. Conclusion Sport and adventure tourism development can benefit economies by providing a fast source of income for local government and community, supporting the sustaining improvement and protection for environment and encouraging culture exchange between the developed countries. In perspective of the west Cambria tourism, with major sports or adventure events can speed up the development and growth and these includes; Tourists’ arrivals: sports team or sports man, media, officials and fans arriving into the destination from across the country and across the world for the events. Destination revenues: money spent by visitors spending time in the destination over the period of the sports events. Investment in destination: money injected into the west Cambria destination for infrastructure development. Employment for locals: many of the locals will have the opportunity to get employed in during the sports events. Skills development: knowledge and skills transfer which result from sports events preparations which remain in the minds and lives. Popularity: By building of profile of the Cambria tourism as a host destination through media exposure of the event. The long-term benefits of a sports destination far outweigh the short-term cost. Though creating a modern facilitate destination can destroy some part nature. In that case developers should focus without destroying the nature adopting Sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism is considerably beneficial in the respect of environment. For developing tourism business, most developed destination provides financial support or material resource for the conservation of the local environment and natural resources. It can create balance between limits and usage of nature through monitoring and planning; to ensure that sustainable tourism can be managed besides developed sports tourism. Sustainable development of sports destination must include the interests of all stakeholders including local communities, visitors, related business industry and government. Suggestions for the future development of this sports destination†¦ References Books 1. Weed M, Bull, C, 2004. Sport tourism: Participants, policy and providers, 4th Edition. London UK: Elsevier’s Science and Technology. E-Books 2. Tim Knowles, Dimitrios Diamantis, Joudallah Bey El-Mourhabi, J. 2004. The Globalization of Tourism and Hospitality: A Strategic Perspective. 2nd Edition. London: Thomson Learning Available at: http://books. google. co. uk/books? id=uEi5NkHg0ZsC;printsec=frontcover;dq=The+Globalization+of+Tourism+and+Hospitality:+A+Strategic+Perspective;hl=en;ei=Y1HhTqinF9Do8QOmzPD_Aw;sa=X;oi=book_result;ct=result;resnum=1;ved=0CEMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage;q=The%20Globalization%20of%20Tourism%20and%20Hospitality%3A%20A%20Strategic%20Perspective;f=false Articles: 3. Devine, A, Boyle, E, Boyd, S, 2009. Towards a theory of collaborative advantage for the sport tourism policy arena. Available How to cite Tourism Management, Essay examples

Descartes Arguments for Substance Dualism Essay Sample free essay sample

Does Descartes supply a convincing statement for the claim that head and affair are distinguishable substances Descartes’ Argument For Dualism In his Meditations Rene Descartes aimed to retrace the whole of scientific discipline by seeking to turn out the differentiation between head and affair. He gives an statement from uncertainty. and another from conceivableness. I will give a brief sum-up of the foundations Descartes builds his thesis on. and so looking at his statements and whether they are capable of carrying us that dualism is a logical stance to keep. To what extent if any is Descartes successful in demoing there is a existent differentiation between head and organic structure In Descartes’ Meditations. Descartes purposes to reshape the whole of scientific discipline by get downing from foundations that can be deductively proved. I will briefly summarise and knock the of import parts of the speculations on which his dualist statement remainders and so travel through each of the statements that he raises in order to turn out the sharpness of head and organic structure and critique each of them. I will concentrate on the logic behind his statements. happening holes in his scheme and topographic points where he fails to turn out the following measure. With this I will demo that Descartes is non successful in demoing that there is a existent differentiation between head and organic structure. In the Meditations. Descartes purposes to happen a house foundation for cognition. to happen beyond doubt cognition. to rebut agnosticism and vindicate rationalism. and to turn out the being of God. Though a positivist himself. Descartes assumes a doubting attack when sing what we can be certain of. He rapidly rejects a priori and a posteriori cognition. reasoning in Meditation 2. that all he can be certain of is his ain being in some signifier. From here he uses an ontological statement to confirm the being of a perfect God. Using these foundations builds an statement to retrace scientific discipline. and to demo that â€Å"it is certain that this I is wholly and perfectly distinguishable from my organic structure. and can be without it. † In Meditations. he begins by first rendering any idea or construct. of which there can be doubt. negligible so that all he would be left with is things that are unimpeachably true. The first thing that he proves is the fact that he exists. He shows that as he is believing. he must needfully be in some signifier. From this he proves the being of God utilizing an ontological statement and from both of these foundations he aims to deduce scientific discipline as a whole. Argument from KernelIn Descartes’ 2nd speculation. he shows that although he knows that he exists. he wants to first work out what it is that he is ( AT 7:25-28 ) . He comes to the decision that his kernel is believing. He is a intelligent thing. But does his organic structure represent a portion of his kernel excessively? Descartes uses the undermentioned statement to demo that his organic structure is non a portion of his kernel. – If I was a organic structure so doubts about my organic structure would be uncertainties about my being – I doubt my organic structure as it can non be conceived clearly and clearly – I do be as proven by the Cognito – Therefore I can non be a organic structure. One can clearly and clearly believe of the head as something that thinks and is unextended ( immaterial ) . whereas the organic structure is extended and can non believe. This means that one can gestate of a believing thing without extension i. e. a head without affair. Harmonizing to Descartes earlier speculations. this means that God could hold created made them as distinct. Therefore. they must be distinguishable as if they weren’t. non even God could make them that manner ( AT 7:121 ) . The job here is in the fact that Descartes has presumed his kernel is to believe. He has proven that he does be and he does believe. His statement for his kernel to be thought itself nevertheless is limited by his subjective point of position. One can see that if we imagine an inanimate object such as a tabular array begins to believe. the tabular array itself could come to the same decision as Descartes through the cogito that it is a intelligent thing. Then one could see that God could ta ke away that ability to believe. and it would still stay a tabular array. It’s kernel is non to believe. We can so utilize this statement to see that it may be that the organic structure is portion of one’s kernel but we can non cognize this a priori. We have to be able to take an nonsubjective point of position ( AT 7:198 ) . If one takes the above response to Descartes’ statement. one can see that Descartes is guilty of some little round logical thinking. He assumes that the head is immaterial itself and its lone kernel is believing. This can non be proven. Yet. we can see how the head in modern times may be explained from a materialist point of position. Therefore as the first premiss can non be proven. the statement is no longer valid. Argument from Conceivability In his 6th speculation Descartes provides the Argument from Conceivability to convert us of dualism: It is imaginable that I exist in idea. without my extended organic structure besides bing. Furthermore it is possible that I. a thought being. can be without my extended organic structure bing. If it is logically possible that I can be without my organic structure bing so they are non indistinguishable and therefore separate entities. Therefore I. a thought being. am non the same as my drawn-out organic structure. The Argument from Conceivability falls short on soundness – conceivableness is non sufficient for logical possibility. For illustration. in figure theory one of the greatest unresolved hypothesis is Goldbach’s speculation. That is that every positive whole number greater or equal to 4 can be expressed as the amount of two primes. So though I may be able to gestate of some figure being discovered that is non the amount of two primes. if the speculation is needfully true ( proved or otherwise. ) I will hold conceived of a logical impossibleness. Thus Descartes premises are false and fail to convert us of substance dualism. Furthermore. Descartes relies on holding a thorough cognition of head and organic structure. We may reason with Descartes that idea is necessary to holding a head. and materiality is necessary to holding a organic structure. it does non necessarily follow that there is an entity whose exclusive nature is to believe. Descartes is limited by his subjective point of view that it could non be the instance that extension could be another belongings of head. He needs to turn out the stronger statement that it is non possible for the head to hold extension as one of it’s belongingss. Descartes attempts to do this cogent evidence in his Divisibility Argument: Similar to this is the Argument from Distinctness which argues for the logical possibility of dividing head from organic structure. To make this. head and organic structure would hold to be distinguishable and therefore it would turn out both things. – I can conceive of myself as a believing thing bing apart from the organic structure ( as shown by the different kernels in the statement from kernel. ) . – It is imaginable that a believing thing can be without a organic structure – It is possible that a believing thing can be without a organic structure – A believing thing is non a organic structure The first premiss has some major issues if we refer back to our expostulations to the statement from kernel. We came to the decision that Descartes has non satisfactorily turn out the fact that a believing thing can be outside the organic structure as he jumps from the fact that he thinks to the fact that his whole kernel is believing without any extension. It seems really difficult to believe of an immaterial substance with causal force bing on its ain without affair. If this is so the statement fails on premiss one. If the first premiss is taken to be true. so there are still issues with this statement. It rests on the fact that if two objects are the same object so you can non hold one without the other. This is a logical truth. However. it seems that the fact something can be imagined is non a dependable premiss for possibility. There are colorss past our scope of sight that we can non conceive of which are possible and likewise there are things such as Lois Lane could conceive of Clark Kent without Superman. However. this is impossible as they are the same individual. These illustrations are epistemological possibilities and non metaphysical 1s. so one has to work out what type of possibility is shown in the statement utilizing head and organic structure. To work this out. one would hold to see objectively a posteriori if it is possible which in itself is impossible to make whilst life. If one dies and it is separated. the head is immaterial and therefore it seems intangible. So we can non tu rn out it right or incorrect. Argument from Doubt Descartes’ statement from uncertainty can be summarised as follows: It is possible for me to doubt the being of everything stuff. However. I can non doubt the being of my ain head. as denial would be self-contradictory. Therefore. my organic structure and head are non indistinguishable but are distinguishable from one another. This statement from the discourse on the Method This statement for dualism is flimsy as it is logically invalid. For illustration. though David Cameron may be able to claim uncertainness as to whether the Prime Minister exists. he can be certain of his ain being. From this it does non follow that David Cameron and the Prime Minister are distinguishable existences. To decide the invalidness of Descartes’ statement. a new premiss can be added –Leibniz’s Law of the Indiscernibility of the Identicals. That is. if any two objects are indistinguishable. they are one and the same. they portion the same belongingss. However even by adding this new premiss. the statement is still flimsy as it is delegating a different type of belongings to uncertainty. than the sort of belongings Leibniz is mentioning to. For illustration. in Grecian mythology Oedipus wanted to get married Jocasta although he had no desire to get married his female parent. It would look that the Argument from Doubt is an epistemological claim instead than a metaphysical one. edifying us more to our manner of believing instead than the nature of world. In the discourse on the Method. Descartes argues utilizing Leibniz’s Law of the Identity of Indiscernible which states that two objects are indistinguishable if and merely if they have all the same belongingss. – As I doubt that my organic structure exists – And I do non doubt that I and my ideas exist – Therefore I am non indistinguishable to my organic structure This statement works because the belongings of being doubted does non use to both ideas or the head and the organic structure. Leibniz’s Law states that two objects are indistinguishable if and merely if they have all the same belongingss. Harmonizing to the predating statement of the jurisprudence. this means that head and organic structure can non be the same thing. This is an statement that is easy questionable as one can see that being doubtable is non a belongings of the object itself. If I doubt something. the object does non alter. It is really a statement about the individual who is chew overing on this topic. an epistemological claim and non a metaphysical 1. Due to this. one can non use Leibniz’s jurisprudence to the first two premises and the statement is invalid. The Mark of Truth Much of Descartes’ statements for the distinguishable nature of head and organic structure rely on his old statement in 3rd speculation for the â€Å"mark of truth† ( Hatfield ) . This states that whatever he clearly and clearly perceives is true as his perfect God would non let for such misrepresentation. As Gassendi argues ( AT 7:122 ) . we are non clear as to what the steering dogmas of clear and distinguishable cognition are as we frequently are inexorable about the truth of a fact. we believe our idea is both clear and distinguishable. nevertheless we are mistaken. For illustration. Newtonian Physics which seems to be understood clearly and clearly by Newton which was subsequently disproved by Einstein. Descartes answers in stating that he accepts the demand for a good manner of mensurating clear and distinguishable idea but that the results will ever be unable to be doubted. The avowal of the fact and the idea can non be made otherwise. It would look he is stating that it would hold to be a logical truth. How can one clearly and clearly cognize anything about the existent universe other than one’s ain being. mathematics and logic? It seems that much of Descartes logic is flawed in that it either commentates on human cognition and personal uncertainty and non about the object or it seems to presuppose the sharpness of head and organic structure to get down with. If we exchange the constructs. it seems to convey about things that seem instinctively false. Furthermore. the statement from conceivableness and kernel both rely on the grade of truth and therefore the being of God. both of which have questionable logic themselves. Therefore. Descartes has non been successful in any manner in demoing the distinguishable natures of head and organic structure. Bibliography Descartes. Rene . Oeuvres de Descartes. 11 vols. Ed. Charles Adam and Paul Tannery. Paris: Vrin/CNRS. 1964–76. Hatfield. Gary. Rene Descartes. Ed. Edward N. Zalta. Summer 2011. 25 February 2012. Robinson. Howard. Dualism. Ed. Edward N. Zalta. Winter 2011. 26 February 2012. Wilson. Catherine. Descartes’s Meditations an debut. Cambridge: University Press. 2003.